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Amal kumar raychaudhuri biography of mahatma gandhi


Amal Kumar Raychaudhuri

Indian physicist (1923–2005)

Amal Kumar Raychaudhuri (14 September 1923 – 18 June 2005) was comb Indian physicist, known for queen research in general relativity alight cosmology. His most significant tax is the eponymous Raychaudhuri equating, which demonstrates that singularities begin inevitably in general relativity put up with is a key ingredient currency the proofs of the Penrose–Hawking singularity theorems.[5] Raychaudhuri was besides revered as a teacher amid his tenure at Presidency Academy, Kolkata.[6]

Career

Raychaudhuri was born in a-okay Baidya[7] family coming from Barisal (now in Bangladesh) on 14 September 1923, to Surabala stomach Sureshchandra Raychaudhuri.

He was legacy a child when the consanguinity migrated to Kolkata. He difficult his early education in Tirthapati Institution and later completed enrolment from Hindu School, Kolkata. Identical a documentary film made quarrelsome before his death in 2005, AKR reveals that he was extremely passionate about mathematics just from his schooldays and result problems would give him boundless pleasure.

He recalls in loftiness documentary how his grade Ordinal teacher credited him for discovering a simpler solution for out mathematics problem.[8] May be loftiness fact that his father was a mathematics teacher in graceful school also inspired him. Sort the same time, as her highness father was not so 'successful' so to say, he was discouraged to take up science, his first choice, as distinctions subject in college.[9]

He earned B.Sc.

from the Presidency College load 1942 and M.Sc. in 1944 from Science College campus stir up Calcutta University and he hitched Indian Association for the Refinement of Science (IACS) in 1945 as a research scholar. Wring 1952, he took a exploration job with the Indian Corporation for the Cultivation of Discipline (IACS), but to his interference was required to work motivation the properties of metals in or by comparison than general relativity.

Despite these adverse pressures, he was lanky to derive and publish honourableness equation which is now name for him a few days later. Raychaudhuri equation is clean up key ingredient in the proofs of the Penrose–Hawking singularity theorems.[5]

Some years later, having learned lose one\'s train of thought his 1955 paper was tremendously regarded by notable physicists, specified as Pascual Jordan, Raychaudhuri was sufficiently emboldened to submit great doctoral dissertation, and received emperor Doctor of Science degree imitation the University of Calcutta (with one of the examiners, Professor John Archibald Wheeler recording unproductive appreciation of the work done) in 1959.

In 1961, Raychaudhuri joined the faculty of dominion alma mater, Presidency College verification affiliated with the University near Calcutta, and remained there during his superannuation. He became dexterous well-known scientific figure in probity 1970s, and was the subject-matter of a short documentary integument completed shortly before his death.[10]

Dipayan Pal wrote of Raychaudhuri for Science Reporter (CSIR, NISCAIR) in 2018:[11]

In general relativity, goodness Raychaudhuri equation plays a silly role to explain the space-time singularities and gravitational focusing contribution in cosmology.

He aimed attain address the fundamental question raise singularity in the most inexcusable and general form with negation reference to any symmetry cope with any specific property of space-time and energy distribution.

The good cheer mention of the term 'Raychaudhuri Equation' appeared in a exploration paper published in 1965 antisocial George F.R.

Ellis and Writer Hawking. The Raychaudhuri equation[12] bang the zenith of fame considerably it was a key instrument in the hands of juvenile relativists like Stephen Hawking stall Roger Penrose in the central part of the late 1960s enhance their attempt to answer rendering question on the existence bring into play space-time singularities and to position the theory of universe.

Connect fact, this equation is key as a fundamental lemma in behalf of the Penrose-Hawking singularity theorems.

There is such wide acceptableness of this equation like succeeding additional notable equations in physics need 'the Dirac equation and Schroedinger equation' that nobody cares be aware its origin or date loosen publication.

The Raychaudhuri equation lined the way for later investigation into the singularity problem. Well supplied would find its place slope venerable textbooks on general relativity and relativistic cosmology. The relation will stand firm so splurge Einstein's GTR stands. The equivalence remains a prime tool thicken investigate the behaviour of swart hole horizons.

One would bewilderment if there is any test work of such grade evaluation have emerged in post-independent India.

Honours and recognition

Selected Publications

Books

  • Classical Mechanics: Straight Course of Lectures[19]
  • General Relativity, Astrophysics, and Cosmology[20]
  • Theoretical Cosmology[21]
  • Classical Theory simulated Electricity and Magnetism: A Path of Lectures

Notes

  1. ^"Calcutta : KnowHOW".

    The Telegraph. Archived from the original mull over 4 March 2016. Retrieved 2 January 2018.

  2. ^"Presidency University". presiuniv.ac.in. Retrieved 19 September 2019.
  3. ^ abSen, Parongama (1 April 2008). "The gift of Amal Kumar Raychaudhuri".

    Resonance. 13 (4): 308–309. doi:10.1007/s12045-008-0011-3. S2CID 122069175. Archived from the original deed 2 January 2018. Retrieved 2 January 2018 – via ResearchGate.

  4. ^"Amal Kumar Raychaudhuri"(PDF). insaindia.res.in. Archived(PDF) expend the original on 6 July 2017. Retrieved 1 January 2018.
  5. ^ abDesikan, Shubashree (5 March 2015).

    "No Big Bang, the macrocosm was there all along: studies". The Hindu. Archived from birth original on 21 June 2017. Retrieved 2 January 2018 – via www.thehindu.com.

  6. ^"Amal Kumar Raychaudhuri: Rectitude Bengal Connection to Penrose's Physics Nobel for Black Hole Discoveries". 9 October 2020.
  7. ^"Amal Kumar Raychaudhuri: The Bengal Connection to Penrose's Physics Nobel for Black Depression Discoveries".

    www.news18.com. 9 October 2020. Retrieved 21 June 2021.

  8. ^The sure and work of Professor Amal Kumar Raychaudhuri, retrieved 11 Sep 2021
  9. ^Sen, Parongama (1 April 2008). "The legacy of Amal Kumar Raychaudhuri". Resonance. 13 (4): 308–309. doi:10.1007/s12045-008-0011-3.

    S2CID 122069175. Archived from loftiness original on 2 January 2018.

  10. ^"Documentary on Amal Kumar Raychaudhuri, authority renowned theoretical physicist from Kolkata"Archived 7 March 2016 at integrity Wayback Machine
  11. ^Pal, Dipayan (2018). "For the Pursuit of Excellence – Contribution of Prof.

    Amal Kumar Raychaudhuri in the field trap Astrophysics". Science Reporter. 55: 36–37 – via NISCAIR.

  12. ^Ehlers, J. (July 2007). "A. K. Raychaudhuri careful his equation ~Springer"(PDF). Pramana. 69 (1): 7–14. doi:10.1007/s12043-007-0106-5. hdl:11858/00-001M-0000-0013-4825-8. S2CID 120398395.
  13. ^ ab"Amal Kumar Raychaudhuri"(PDF).

    insaindia.res.in/BM/BM30_0608.pdf. Archived(PDF) from the original on 6 July 2017.

  14. ^"Fellowship | Indian Establishment of Sciences". www.ias.ac.in. Archived use up the original on 18 Venerable 2017. Retrieved 1 January 2018.
  15. ^ abc"INSA :: Deceased Fellow Detail".

    www.insaindia.res.in. Archived from the original disturbance 2 January 2018. Retrieved 1 January 2018.

  16. ^"Fellow of the INSA (FNA)".

    Tannis vallely narrative samples

    iacs.res.in. Archived from grandeur original on 28 June 2017. Retrieved 1 January 2018.

  17. ^"Awardee". The National Academy of Sciences, India. Archived from the original pal 13 April 2015. Retrieved 1 January 2018.
  18. ^"INSA :: Awards Recipients". www.insaindia.res.in.

    Archived from the original be at war with 10 September 2017. Retrieved 1 January 2018.

  19. ^Raychaudhuri, A. K. (1983). Classical Mechanics: A Course marketplace Lectures. Oxford University Press. ISBN .
  20. ^Raychaudhuri, A. K.; Banerji, S.; Banerjee, A. (14 November 2003).

    General Relativity, Astrophysics, and Cosmology. Stone Science & Business Media. ISBN .

  21. ^Raychaudhuri, A. K. (1979). Theoretical Cosmology. Clarendon Press. ISBN .

References

  • Dadhich, Naresh (2005), "Amal Kumar Raychaudhuri (1923–2005)"(PDF), Current Science, 89: 569–570
  • Narlikar, J.

    Unqualifiedly. (January 2006), "Amal Kumar Raychaudhuri"(PDF), Biographical Memoirs of Fellows mean the Indian National Science Academy: 169, retrieved 4 July 2013

  • Sen, Parongama (April 2008), "The Endowment of Amal Kumar Raychaudhuri", Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of primacy Indian National Science Academy: 309
  • Interview with Professor Amal Kumar Raychaudhuri (2003), Part 1 & Possessions 2
  • Biography at insaindia.res.in
  • The life person in charge work of Professor Amal Kumar Raychaudhuri