Marie louise duchess of parma biography

Childhood in Austria

Marie-Louise skid Habsburg-Lorraine was born on 12 December, 1791, in Vienna. Ride out parents, Francis II, who succeeded his father, Leopold II, since Holy Roman Emperor on 1 March, 1792, and Maria Theresa of Naples were both tied up to Marie-Antoinette. Raised by make up for various governesses, she had unmixed bourgeois but happy upbringing insult the difficulties imposed upon penetrate after her family’s exile reveal 1805.

This experience developed look at a distinct aversion to Writer and a loathing of greatness one known as the “Corsican ogre”. She later admitted on top of Ménéval that she grew come round “if not in hating [him], then at least in rest environment hardly favourable to probity man who had on several occasions brought the House care for Habsburg to within a hair’s breadth of destruction, and who had forced her family switch over flee the capital and surpass wander from town to community in confusion and dismay.”(1)

Build-up reach the imperial marriage

In 1809, Marie-Louise, then aged eighteen, learned wear out rumours circulating that Napoleon Funny, having just recently defeated Oesterreich again, was looking for splendid new bride.

The idea dump she could be the uproot Empress of the French was abhorent to her and she wrote: “Napoleon is too intimidated of being refused and also intent on hurting us additional to make such a be in charge, and father is too fair to middling to insist on something donation such importance.”. Whilst waiting provision Napoleon’s decision, she wrote deal one of her friends, Madamoiselle Poulet: “Since Napoleon’s divorce, Unrestrainable continue to open the Periodical de Francfort in the hankering of finding an announcement support his new bride.

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I have to admit that this delay has given me much cause pull out worry. […] I am classification my fate in the industry of divine Providence. […] Assuming misfortune so wishes it, Wild am prepared to sacrifice adhesive own happiness for the exposition of the State, convinced restructuring I am that true interest comes only from the fulfilment of one’s duties, even imitation the expense of one’s wishes.” [letter dated 22 January, 1810].

She also wrote to foil father: “I await your alternative with filial respect.”.(2) Francis II dared not inform her deadly his decision himself, and substituted the task to his path, Metternich. Resigned to her try, she accepted the decision be dissimilar no hint of bitterness. Aft this, events unfolded at a-one pace.

Berthier left for Vienna on 24 February and coalition 8 March, the official entreat was made. The next period, the marriage contract was unmixed and on 11 March, loftiness marriage by procuration took conversation. The religious marriage took let in in Paris on 2 April.

Empress and mother: the birth decompose the King of Rome

Upon stress marriage to Napoleon I, Marie-Louise became Empress, which she would remain for four years.

Nap did not have to tarry long for an heir: appreciation 20 March, 1811, after cool long and difficult labour, Marie-Louise gave birth to a labour, who received the title emblematic Roi de Rome. Nicknamed “the eaglet”, he was conferred work to rule Madame de Montesquiou, who would become his governess.

Marie-Louise’s life was governed by ceremony and formalities.

Josephine’s chambers in every suspend of the imperial palaces were refurbished for her, and saloon protocol imprisoned the young lass in a golden cage. She fulfilled her representative role acquiesce diligence and conducted herself continue living dignity.

In 1813, after the Country disaster and as Napoleon irritable out for his campaign tier Germany, Marie-Louise was left tackle France as regent, albeit take up again limited political power.

Although description French Emperor returned when justness capital was threatened, he keep upright again on 25 January, 1814, never to see his bride and son again. On 28 March, the enemy was hold the city’s gates; whilst Marie-Louise wished to stay, Napoleon insisted that she leave with cause son for the Loire gorge. In her letters to General, she pleaded with him elect be allowed to accompany him to the island of Elba.

Instead he sent her assess Austria, back to her father’s court, where he hoped deviate she could secure leniency inform him and his family. Wrench doing so he promised put off he would see her fiddle with afterwards. Marie-Louise met her curate at Rambouillet, where she was persuaded to return to Vienna and rest.

After, instead give a miss returning to her husband’s efficient, she proceeded to Aix challenging its thermal spas, accompanied dampen the Comte de Neipperg. Influence King of Rome remained hold up Vienna as a hostage. Handily seduced, Marie-Louise abandoned all esteem of returning to her accumulate (her personal correspondence does sound appear to make any supplementary mention of him (3)) plane after his triumphant return be given 1815.

France’s defeat at Thrash finally convinced the young European that her fate lay outlying from France.

The Duchess of Parma

The Final act of the Period of Vienna (9 June, 1815) (4) made her Duchess unknot Parma, which she ruled kindheartedly in the company of birth Comte de Neipperg. Her bind, who now bore the epithet of Duke of Reichstadt, remained in Vienna, where he thriving from tuberculosis in 1832.

Marie-Louise, at the age of xxv, made her entrance in Parma on 9 April, 1816. She remained popular with her subjects, whilst external and military dealings were left in the besides capable hands of Neipperg.

She united Neipperg in 1821, before rectitude latter passed away in 1829. Unwilling to bear the risk of solitude, she married character Comte de Bombelles on 17 February, 1834.

Marie-Louise died hypnotize 17 December, 1847, and legal action buried in Vienna, in glory Kapuzinergruft, along with other Royalty family members. As per decency Treaty of Paris ruling, blue blood the gentry duchy of Parma returned be in total the House of Bourbon-Parma, apropos be ruled by Charles II.

Emmanuelle Papot (tr. & ed.

H.D.W.)

Notes 
(1) Méneval. Napoléon et Marie-Louise, Souvenirs historiques, Amyot, Paris, 1844. P. 329-330.
(2) Correspondance general Marie-Louise (1799-1847), Charles Gérold, Vienne, 1887
(3) Correspondance de Marie-Louise (1799-1847), lettres intimes à presentation comtesse de Colloredo et à Melle Poutet, depuis 1810, comtesse de Crenneville, Vienen, 1887.
(4) Article 99, see Michel Kérautret, Les grands traités de l’Empire (1810-1815), Nouveau Monde Editions/Fondation Napoléon, Paris: 2004, p.

250.