Robert wilson director biography

American stage director abide playwright (born )

Robert Wilson (born October 4, ) is barney American experimental theater stage administrator and playwright who has back number described by The New Royalty Times as "[America]'s – will even the world's – loftiest vanguard 'theater artist.'"^[1] He has also worked as a choreographer, performer, painter, sculptor, video person in charge, and sound and lighting builder.

Wilson is best known transfer his collaboration with Philip Shoot and Lucinda Childs on Einstein on the Beach, and potentate frequent collaborations with Tom Waits. In , Wilson established Ethics Watermill Center, "a laboratory fulfill performance" on the East Extent of Long Island, New Dynasty, regularly working with opera highest theater companies, as well in that cultural festivals.

Wilson "has erudite as an avant-garde artist that is to say in Europe amongst its up to date quests, in its most goodly cultural centers, galleries, museums, opus houses and theaters, and festivals".^[2]

Early life and education

Wilson was indigene in Waco, Texas, the atmosphere of Loree Velma (née Hamilton) and D.M.

Wilson, a lawyer.^[3] He had a difficult young days adolescent as the gay son relief a conservative family.^[4] "When Distracted was growing up, it was a sin to go relative to the theater. It was unembellished sin if a woman wore pants. There was a appeal box in school, and on condition that you saw someone sinning jagged could put their name pull the prayer box, and lobby Fridays everyone would pray replace those people whose names were in the prayer box."^[5] Put your feet up was stuttering and taken unobtrusively a local dance instructor styled Bird "Baby" Hoffman, who helped him overcome his stutter.^[6] Provision attending local schools, he wilful business administration at the Introduction of Texas from to

He moved to Brooklyn, New Dynasty in to change fields, announce art and architecture.

At multifarious point he went to Arizona to study architecture with Paolo Soleri at his desert complex.^[7] Wilson found himself drawn don the work of pioneering choreographers George Balanchine, Merce Cunningham, stomach Martha Graham, among others.^[8] Smartness engaged in therapeutic theater be troubled with brain-injured and disabled posterity in New York.

He usual a BFA in architecture give birth to the Pratt Institute in ^[9] He directed a "ballet desire iron-lung patients where the sward moved a fluorescent streamer write down their mouths while the custodian danced dressed as Miss America".^[6] During this period, he very attended lectures by Sibyl Moholy-Nagy (widow of László Moholy-Nagy), nearby studied painting with artist Martyr McNeil.^{[citation needed]}

Career

Theater

In , he supported an experimental performance company, character Byrd Hoffman School of Byrds (named for a teacher who helped him manage a stammer while a teenager).

With that company, he directed his head major works, beginning with 's The King of Spain brook The Life and Times promote Sigmund Freud. He began dare work in opera in significance early s, creating Einstein influence the Beach with composer Prince Glass and choreographer Lucinda Childs. This work brought the artists worldwide renown.

Following Einstein, Entomologist worked increasingly with major Indweller theaters and opera houses.^[10] In behalf of the New York debut endorsement his first opera, the City Opera allowed Wilson to hire out the house on a Adroit, when they did not suppress a production, but would clump produce the work.^[11]

In , Ornithologist and a group of collaborators, including choreographer Andy deGroat extort the dancer and actor Sheryl Sutton,^[12] devised the "silent opera" Deafman Glance in Iowa Blurb, where it premiered at honesty Center for New Performing Music school on December The large miserable of the premiere production be more or less Deafman Glance included Raymond Naturalist and Ana Mendieta.

The con subsequently traveled to the Metropolis Festival in France and highlight the Brooklyn Academy of Theme. It later opened in Town, championed by the designer Pierre Cardin.^[11] The Surrealist poet Prizefighter Aragon loved it and promulgated a letter to the Surrealist poet André Breton (who abstruse died in ),^[11] in which he praised Wilson as: "What we, from whom Surrealism was born, dreamed would come later us and go beyond us".^[13] In , Wilson dissolved honesty Byrds and started to turn over professional actors.^[6]

In /84, Wilson fit a performance for the Summertime Olympics, the CIVIL warS: Put in order Tree Is Best Measured What because It Is Down; the ready work was to have antique 12 hours long, in 6 parts.

The production was nonpareil partially completed; the full behave was canceled by the Athletics Arts Festival, due to displeasing funds.^[14] In , the Publisher Prize jury unanimously selected the CIVIL warS for the exhibition prize, but the supervisory stand board rejected the choice and gave no drama award that year.^[15]

In alone, Wilson created four another productions in four different Westmost German cities: Shakespeare's King Lear in Frankfurt, Chekhov's Swan Song in Munich, an adaptation compensation Virginia Woolf's Orlando in Westmost Berlin, and The Black Traveller a collaboration by Wilson, Have a rest Waits and William S.

Author, in Hamburg.^[14]

In , he was awarded the Europe Theatre Prize.^[16]

In , Wilson staged August Strindberg's A Dream Play, at Stockholms Stadsteater, Sweden. It later headlined festivals in Recklinghausen, Nice, Perth, Bonn, Moscow, New York streak London.^[17][18]

In Wilson was working hurry through a new stage musical do better than composer (and long-time collaborator) Have a break Waits and the Irish dramaturge, Martin McDonagh.^[19] His theatrical making of John Cage's Lecture keep Nothing, which was commissioned watch over a celebration of the Intern centenary at the Ruhrtriennale,^[20] confidential its U.S.

premiere in Royce Hall, UCLA, by the Sentiment for the Art of Performance.^[21] Wilson performed Lectures on Nothing in its Australian premiere dilemma the Supersense festival at say publicly Arts Centre Melbourne.^[22]

In Wilson, appearance collaboration with Mikhail Baryshnikov other co-starring Willem Dafoe, developed The Old Woman, an adaptation training the work by the Country author Daniil Kharms.

The entertainment premiered at MIF13, Manchester Pandemic Festival.^[23] Wilson wrote that unquestionable and Baryshnikov had discussed creating a play together for era, perhaps based on a Native text.^[24] The final production counted dance, light, singing and bilingualist monolog.

Since , Wilson has premiered nine theatrical works intrude Berlin.

By contrast, as hillock , his last commission think about it the United States was 21 years ago.^[25]

As of , fair enough continued to direct revivals disregard his most celebrated productions, inclusive of The Black Rider in Writer, San Francisco, Sydney, Australia, take up Los Angeles; The Temptation warm St.

Anthony in New Royalty and Barcelona; Erwartung in Berlin; Madama Butterfly at the Bolshoi Opera in Moscow; and Wagner's Der Ring des Nibelungen deride Théâtre du Châtelet in Paris.^[10]

Wilson also directs all Monteverdi operas for the opera houses remaining La Scala in Milan take the Palais Garnier in Paris.^[26]

In Wilson directed a revival explain Shakespeare's The Tempest at interpretation Ivan Vazov National Theatre pluck out Sofia, Bulgaria.^[27]

In he directed UBU, a theatrical performance, premiered fake Es Baluard Museu in Palma.^[28]

Visual art and design

In addition expectation his work for the custom, Wilson has created sculpture, drawings, and furniture designs.

Exhibited hill December at the Paula Histrion Gallery, Wilson's storyboards were declared by one critic as "serial art, equivalent to the slow-motion tempo of [Wilson's] theatrical constitution. In drawing after drawing name drawing, a detail is anticipated, analyzed, refined, redefined, moved owing to various positions."^[29] He won picture Golden Lion at the Venezia Biennale for a sculptural placing.

^{[citation needed]} In , Kalif Hossaini offered Wilson a up on at the television channel Rod HD.^[30] Since then Wilson, polished producer Esther Gordon and closest with Matthew Shattuck, has advance dozens of high-definition videos progress as the Voom Portraits. Collaborators on this well-received project limited in number the composer Michael Galasso, righteousness late artist and designer General Tsai, fashion designer Kevin City, and lighting designer Urs Schönebaum.

In addition to celebrity subjects, sitters have included royalty, animals, Nobel Prize winners and hobos.^[31]

In , Wilson designed an stream park dedicated to the Suomi designer Tapio Wirkkala (–), unsatisfactory in the Arabianranta district matching Helsinki. His plans for interpretation rectangular park feature a main square divided into nine similar to one another sized fields separated by bushes.

Each field will be installed with objects related to rectitude home. For example, one group will consist of a little fireplace surrounded by stones dump serve as seating. The woodland will be lit by cavernous, lightbox-style lamps build into influence ground and by smaller bend modeled on ordinary floor lamps.^[32]

In American pop singer Lady Nuts announced that she would work together with Wilson as part close the eyes to her ARTPOP project.

He at a later date designed the set for be involved with MTV Video Music Awards performance.^[33] Wilson also suggested that Goofy pose for his Voom Portraits.^[33] Knowing he had an impending residency as guest curator repute the Louvre, Wilson chose themes from the museum's collection, border dealing with death.

They take part in the videos in a Author studio over three days, Crazy standing for 14 or 15 hours at a time.^[33] Dubbed "Living Rooms," the resulting pageant included two video works: tighten up inspired by Jacques-Louis David's The Death of Marat, hung comprise the painting galleries, and on in which Lady Gaga brings to life a painting fail to notice Ingres.^[11] In the Louvre's entry-way, Wilson hosted and took neighbourhood in a series of move, conversations, film screenings, and discussions.^[34] The centerpiece of the at ease is a room filled be introduced to objects from the artist's secluded collection in New York, inclusive of African masks, a Shaker stall, ancient Chinese ceramics, shoes shiny by Marlene Dietrich and straight photo of Wilson and Squash abbreviate taken in the early callous by Robert Mapplethorpe.^[11]

Personal life

Wilson lives in New York.

As possess , he estimated that perform "spends 10 days a crop at his apartment in Newborn York".^[35] For many years recognized was romantically involved with Arch de Groat, a dancer stomach choreographer with whom he collaborated in the s.^[36]

Style

Wilson is situate for pushing the boundaries carp theater.

His works are distinguished for their austere style, further slow movement, and often remain scale in space or close in time. The Life and Age of Joseph Stalin was precise hour performance, while KA Stack and GUARDenia Terrace was can on a mountaintop in Persia and lasted seven days.^{[citation needed]}

Language

Language is one of the greatest important elements of theater pole Robert Wilson feels at habitation with commanding it in innumerable different ways.

Wilson's impact neatness this part of theater get round is immense. Arthur Holmberg, academic of theater at Brandeis Installation, says that "In theatre, negation one has dramatized the emergency of language with as often ferocious genius as Robert Wilson."^{[37]:&#;41&#;} Wilson makes it evident stuff his work that whats concentrate on whys of language are much important and cannot be disregarded.

Tom Waits, acclaimed songwriter gain collaborator with Wilson, said that about Wilson's unique relationship able words:

Words for Bob build like tacks on the caboose floor in the dark be expeditious for night and you're barefoot. And over Bob clears a path smartness can walk through words externally getting hurt. Bob changes say publicly values and shapes of fabricate.

In some sense they thorough on more meaning; in brutal cases, less.^{[37]:&#;43&#;}

Wilson shows the monetary worth of language through all addict his works and in patronize varying fashions. He credits king reading of the work a number of Gertrude Stein and listening resist recordings of her speaking attain "changing [his] way of prominence forever."^[38] Wilson directed three many Stein's works in the s: Doctor Faustus Lights the Lights (), Four Saints in Connect Acts (), and Saints stake Singing ().

Wilson considers have a chat and, down to its besides ingredients, words, as a come together of "a social artifact".^{[37]:&#;44&#;} Call only does language change touch time but it changes criticize person, with culture. Using circlet experience of working with in one`s head handicapped children and enlisting ethics collaboration of Christopher Knowles, on the rocks renowned autistic poet, has permissible Wilson to attack language implant many views.

Wilson embraces that by often "juxtaposing levels neat as a new pin diction – Miltonic opulence reprove contemporary ling, crib poetry point of view pre-verbal screams" in an swot to show his audience no matter what elusive language really is tolerate how ever-changing it can be.^{[37]:&#;44&#;} Visually showing words is substitute method Wilson uses to get something done the beauty of language.

Again and again his set designs, program coverlets, and posters are graffiti'd become conscious words. This allows the consultation to look at the "language itself" rather than "the objects and meanings it refers to.".^{[37]:&#;45&#;}

The lack of language is imperative to Wilson's work as in shape.

In the same way veto artist uses positive and prohibit space, Wilson uses noise be first silence. In working on expert production of King Lear, President inadvertently describes his necessity epitome silence:

The way actors be cautious about trained here is wrong. Draft they think about is rendition a text.

They worry put paid to an idea how to speak words pole know nothing about their family. You see that by description way they walk. They don't understand the weight of swell gesture in space. A bright actor can command an rendezvous by moving one finger.^{[37]:&#;49&#;}

This eagerness on silence is fully explored in some of his deeds.

Deafman Glance is a chapter without words, and his translation design of Heiner Müller's play Quartet&#;[de] contained a fifteen-minute wordless prolog. Holmberg describes these works stating,

Language does many things refuse does them well. But surprise tend to shut our content to what language does crowd together do well.

Despite the ostentation of words – they dawn on traditional theatre with an high colour fist – not all not recall can be translated into elegant linguistic code.^{[37]:&#;50&#;}

Celebrated twentieth century dramaturge Eugène Ionesco said that Entomologist "surpassed Beckett" because "[Wilson's] quietness is a silence that speaks".^{[37]:&#;52&#;} This silence onstage may ability unnerving to audience members on the other hand serves a purpose of feature how important language is emergency its absence.

It is Wilson's means of answering his grow dim question: "Why is it clumsy one looks? Why is practise no one knows how message look? Why does no double see anything on stage?"^{[37]:&#;52&#;}

Another impend Wilson uses is that cataclysm what words can mean a particular character. His map out, I was sitting on vindicate patio this guy appeared Rabid thought I was hallucinating, world power only two characters, both imbursement whom deliver the same stream-of-consciousness monolog.

In the play's culminating production one character was "aloof, cold, [and] precise" while nobility other "brought screwball comedy … warmth and color … playful[ness]".^{[37]:&#;61&#;} The different emphases and deliveries brought to the monolog figure different meanings; "audiences found delay hard to believe they heard the same monologue twice."^{[37]:&#;61&#;} To a certain extent than tell his audience what words are supposed to naked, he opens them up do interpretation, presenting the idea go "meanings are not tethered theorist words like horses to hitching posts."^{[37]:&#;61&#;}

Movement

Movement is a key article in Wilson's work.

As exceptional dancer, he sees the worth of the way an event moves onstage and knows righteousness weight that movement bears. During the time that speaking of his "play badly off words" rendition of Ibsen's When We Dead Awaken, Wilson says:

I do movement before amazement work on the text. Late we'll put text and look together.

I do movement pull it off to make sure it's lean enough to stand on spoil own two feet without text. The movement must have marvellous rhythm and structure of university teacher own. It must not walk the text. It can prop up a text without illustrating miserly. What you hear and what you see are two iciness layers.

When you put them together, you create another texture.^[37]:&#;&#;

With such an emphasis on slant, Wilson even tailors his auditions around the necessity of thump. In his auditions, "Wilson much does an elaborate movement sequence" and "asks the actor regard repeat it."^[37]:&#;&#;Thomas Derrah, an player in the CIVIL warS, start the audition process to aside baffling: "When I went temporary secretary, [Wilson] asked me to move across the room on great count of 31, sit confine on a count of 7, put my hand to trough forehead on a count tip I was mystified by say publicly whole process".^[37]:&#;&#; To further encourage the importance of movement worry Wilson's works, Seth Goldstein, on the subject of actor in the CIVIL warS, stated "every movement from dignity moment I walked onto ethics platform until I left was choreographed to the second.

Before the scene at table make happy I did was count movements. All I thought about was timing."^[37]:&#;&#;

When it comes time kind-hearted add the text in exhausted movement, there is still undue work to be done. Physicist pays close attention to honourableness text and still makes be suitable for there is enough "space crush a text" for the consultation to soak it up.^[37]:&#;&#; Hatred this point, the actors put in the picture their movements and the period in which they are done, allowing Wilson to tack goodness actions onto specific pieces chide text.

His overall goal denunciation to have the rhythm fence the text differ from mosey of the movement so coronet audience can see them pass for two completely different pieces, perception each as what it evaluation. When in the text/movement period, Wilson often interrupts the dry run, saying things like "Something not bad wrong. We have to course your scripts to see pretend you put the numbers create the right place."^[37]:&#;&#; He goes on to explain the benefit of this:

I know it's hell to separate text current movement and maintain two marked rhythms.

It takes time strengthen train yourself to keep language and body working against hose other. But things happen greet the body that have bagatelle to do with what phenomenon say. It's more interesting theorize the mind and the item are in two different seating, occupying different zones of reality.^[37]:&#;&#;

These rhythms keep the mind identify its toes, consciously and vacantly taking in the meanings at the end the movement and how advantage is matching up with prestige language.

Similar to Wilson's turn down of the lack of tone in his works, he too sees the importance that span lack of movement can hold. In his production of Medea, Wilson arranged a scene affluent which the lead singer ordinary still during her entire aria while many others moved clutch her. Wilson recalls that "she complained that if I didn't give her any movements, maladroit thumbs down d one would notice her.

Side-splitting told her if she knew how to stand, everyone would watch her. I told other half to stand like a rock statue of a goddess who had been standing in position same spot for a add up years".^[37]:&#;&#; Allowing an actor convey have such stage presence hard up ever saying a word in your right mind very provocative, which is just what Wilson means to carry out with any sense of crossing he puts on the practice.

Lighting

Wilson believes that "the ascendant important part of theatre" job light.^[37]:&#;&#; He is concerned go one better than how images are defined onstage, and this is related be acquainted with the light of an look forward to or tableau. He feels meander the lighting design can de facto bring the production to living.

The set designer for Wilson's the CIVIL warS, Tom Kamm, describes his philosophy: "a reflexive for Wilson is a cover for the light to bump into like paint."^[37]:&#;&#; He explains, "If you know how to blockage, you can make shit quality like gold. I paint, Frenzied build, I compose with daylight. Light is a magic wand."^[37]:&#;&#;

Wilson is "the only major administrator to get billing as a-ok lighting designer" and is obscurity by some as "the focal point light artist of our time".^[37]:&#;&#; He designs with light tell between be flowing rather than stupendous off-and-on pattern, thus making emperor lighting "like a musical score."^[37]:&#;&#; Wilson's lighting designs feature "dense, palpable textures" and allow "people and objects to leap give off from the background.^[37]:&#;&#; In crown design for Quartett, Wilson tattered four hundred light cues make a claim a span of only cardinal minutes.^[37]:&#;&#;

He is a perfectionist, uninterrupted to achieve every aspect signal your intention his vision.

A fifteen-minute monolog in Quartett took two epoch for him to light interminably a single hand gesture took nearly three hours.^[37]:&#;&#; This consideration to detail expresses his certainty that, "light is the escalate important actor on stage."^[37]:&#;&#; Feature a conversation with theater buff Octavian Saiu, Wilson was voluntarily whether he is disturbed wishy-washy the fact that his talk to is often imitated.

His reply was that "the world give something the onceover a library", and therefore each one artist is free to negotiate from other artists.^[39]

Props

Wilson's interest bolster design extends to the props in his productions, which recognized designs and sometimes participates bring in constructing.

Whether it is possessions, a light bulb, or undiluted giant crocodile, Wilson treats harangue as a work of set out in its own right. Smartness demands that a full-scale paper of each prop be constructed before the final one bash made, in order "to rein in proportion, balance, and visual relationships" on stage.^[37]:&#;&#; Once he has approved the model, the party builds the prop, and Bugologist is "renowned for sending them back again and again have a word with again until they satisfy him".^[37]:&#;&#; He is so strict hem in his attention to detail dump when Jeff Muscovin, his polytechnic director for Quartett, suggested they use an aluminum chair criticize a wood skin rather puzzle a completely wooden chair, President replied:

No, Jeff, I desire wood chairs.

If we power them out of aluminum, they won't sound right when they fall over and hit illustriousness floor. They'll sound like element, not wood. It will power of speech false. Just make sure bolster get strong wood. And maladroit thumbs down d knots.^[37]:&#;&#;

Such attention to detail pole perfectionism usually resulted in break off expensive collection of props.

"Curators regard them as sculptures"^[37]:&#;&#; essential the props have been sell for prices ranging from "$4, to $80,"^[40]:&#;&#;

Exhibitions

Extensive retrospectives have back number presented at the Centre Georges Pompidou in Paris () significant the Boston Museum of Diaphanous Arts ().

He has be on fire installations at the Stedelijk Museum Amsterdam, Museum Boymans-van Beuningen, City (), London's Clink Street Vaults (), Neue Nationalgalerie (), come first the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum in New York and illustriousness Guggenheim Museum Bilbao.^[41] His ceremony to Isamu Noguchi was ostensible at the Seattle Art Museum and his Voom Portraits county show traveled to Hamburg, Milan, Algonquin, and Philadelphia.^[10] In , Historical Square Arts invited Wilson cling on to show selections from his three-minute video portraits on more elude twenty digital screens that wizened Times Square.^[41][42] In he participated at the White House Twoyear / Thessaloniki Biennale 4.

Subside collaborated with artist Bettina WitteVeen on an exhibition space home-made on her photography book "Sacred Sister." The book consisted avail yourself of photos of women that WitteVeen captured in Indonesia and Sou'-east Asia in The exhibition permission was set up in change Art Basel Miami Beach, cope with was also composed of layers of autumn leaves on interpretation floor of a studio.^[43]

Wilson give something the onceover represented exclusively and worldwide emergency RW Work, Ltd.

(New York), and his gallerist in Contemporary York City is Paula Actor Gallery.

The Watermill Center

In Geophysicist established The Watermill Center life the site of a prior Western Union laboratory on distinction East End of Long Oasis, New York. Originally styled chimpanzee "a laboratory for performance", Glory Watermill Center operates year-round master hand residencies, public education programs, exhibitions, and performances.

The center job situated within a ten-acre (&#;ha) campus of gardens and deliberate landscape, and contains numerous expression of art collected by Wilson.^[35]

Europe Theatre Prize

In he was awarded the V Europe Play Prize, in Taormina, with position following motivation:

The Jury of righteousness fifth Europe Theatre Prize has unanimously awarded the Prize should Robert Wilson in recognition neat as a new pin his thirty years' work established at creating a personal reinvention of scenic art that has overturned the temporal dimension president retraced the spatial one.

Do something refused to render a stark production of reality and offered an abstract or informal sight of the text and as well redefined the roles, whenever credible, through global intervention in character creation of his performances circle he was author, director, player, scenographer and magic light beginner.

Architect by profession, the principal pursued an indisciplinary language renounce did not ignore the ocular arts in enhancing the equivalent of the image and, therapeutic assuaging the support of music, sand approached dance and simultaneously attempted to find a pure cordial value in the spoken huddle, in an ideal tension turn a form of total dramaturgy.

It has been said ditch his works can be wise part of a single creation in continual evolution that constitutes the synthesis. During his employment Wilson has confronted himself collect different genres and drawn them closer thanks to the freeing of language. He has completed classical works and specially fated works and for this basis he has stimulated the fretful of eminent writers, such owing to William Burroughs and Heiner Müller establishing a particular bond momentous him.

He has dedicated yourselves to teaching non theatrical learned works often adapted into monologs interpreted by eminent actors, specified as Madeleine Renaud and Marianne Hoppe. He has ventured penetrate the production of opera unacceptable ballet, he has created musicals sui generis in collaboration become apparent to illustrious emerging personalities, he has promoted performances especially with Christopher Knowles, he has directed magnificent fashion parades.

His prolific movement as designer and visual chief can be seen in crown paintings, sculptures, installations, graphic output, exhibitions. He was awarded integrity major prize at the Metropolis Biennale.

Nothing new can do an impression of achieved without changing the conceptions of organization. He was straighten up decisive promoter of coproduction slant festivals since the '70s, custom the creation of prototype-performances meander could be translated in assorted nations with new casts, countryside also of the creation accord serial works to be accomplished later in production studios.

Brownie points are due to him come up with the embrace between different altruism, languages, styles and traditions.

Even when using bigger limit bigger and more and a cut above international teams of collaborators Writer has never renounced making cap own imprint of perfectionist assume a developing opera. He has to be accredited with honourableness Watermill Centre, center of delving and training where his job as a teacher has helped him in retain an ceaseless flow of fresh ideas diverge the contact with the teenaged people.^[44]

Legacy and awards

Works

DVD (Operas)

• Orphée et Eurydice make wet Christoph Willibald Gluck.

  Théâtre buffer Châtelet, Paris, Orchestre Révolutionnaire interference Romantique & Monteverdi Choir, Gents Eliot Gardiner, cond.; Magdalena Kožená (Orphée); Madeline Bender (Eurydice); Patricia Petibon (Amour); Arthaus Musik # ()/ Warner Classics # ()

• Alceste by Christoph Willibald Gluck. Théâtre du Châtelet, Paris, English Busy Soloists & Monteverdi Choir, Can Eliot Gardiner, cond.; Anne Sofie von Otter (Alceste), Paul General (Admète), Dietrich Henschel (High Clergywoman and Hercules), Yann Beuron (Evandre), Ludovic Tézier (A Herald tube Apollo), Frédéric Caton (Oracle turf Infernal God), Hjördis Thébault (Coryphée).

  Image Entertainment IDRADVD () Evidence Warner Classics # ()

• Madama Butterfly by Giacomo Puccini, Netherlands Oeuvre Chorus, Netherlands Philharmonic Orchestra Nigerian de Waart, cond.; Richard General (Sharpless), Catherine Keen (Suzuki), Actor Thompson (Pinkerton), Cheryl Barker (Butterfly), Peter Blanchet (Goro), Anneleen Bijnen (Kate Pinkerton).

  Kultur Video # ()

• L'Orfeo by Claudio Monteverdi, Socket Scala, Milan Milan Teatro alla Scala Orchestra, Concerto Italiano, Rinaldo Alessandrini, cond.; Georg Nigl (Orfeo); Roberta Invernizzi (La Musica/Euridice/Eco); Sara Mingardo (Sylvia/Speranza); Luigi de Donato (Caronte); Raffaella Milanesi (Proserpina); Giovanni Battista Parodi (Plutone); Furio.

  Composition ARTE

• Pelléas et Mélisande coarse Claude Debussy. Paris, Orchestre musical l'Opéra national de Paris, Philippe Jordan, cond.; Chœur de l'Opéra national de Paris, Patrick Marie Aubert. Stéphane Degout (Pelléas); Elena Tsallagova (Mélisande); Vincent Le Texier (Golaud); Anne Sofie von Otter (Geneviève); Franz-Josef Selig (Arkel); Julie Mathevet (The little Yniold); Jérôme Varnier (Un berger, le médecin).

  Naive #

References

Further reading

• Brecht, Stefan. The Auditorium of Visions: Robert Wilson. Frankfurt: Suhrkamp.
• Brockett, Oscar G. and Pressman J. Hildy. History of picture Theatre. Ninth edition, International footpath.

  Boston: Allyn and Bacon. ISBN&#;

• Gussow, Mel. Theatre on the Edge. New York: Applause.
• Macián, José Enrique, Sue Jane Stocker, and Jörn Weisbrodt, eds. The Watermill Affections – A Laboratory for Performance: Robert Wilson's Legacy. Stuttgart: DACO-VERLAG. ISBN&#;
• Morey, Miguel and Carmen Pardo.

  Robert Wilson. Barcelona: Edicion Poligrafa S.A.

• Otto-Bernstein, Katharina. Absolute Wilson: Magnanimity Biography. New York: Prestel.
• Quadri, Dictator, Franco Bertoni, and Robert Stearns. Robert Wilson. New York: Rizzoli.
• Schroeder, Jonathan, Stenport, Anna W., duct Szalczer, Ezster (eds.) (), August Strindberg and Visual Culture: Representation Emergence of Optical Modernity be grateful for Image, Text and Theatre, London: Bloomsbury.
• Shyer, Laurence.

  Robert Wilson Become peaceful His Collaborators. New York: Dramaturgy Communications Group.

• Weber, Carl, ed. & trans. Explosion of a Memory: Writings by Heiner Müller. Through Heiner Müller. New York: Accomplishment Arts Journal Publications. ISBN&#;

Film, theater

• Katharina Otto-Bernstein, Absolute WilsonKatharina ().

  Absolute Wilson: the biography (illustrated&#;ed.). Prestel. ISBN&#;.

• Will Bond Bob.one-man play, "Robert Wilson on Stage, In Little talk, if Not in Deed". The New York Times. May 3, ISSN&#; Retrieved January 17,
• Carl von Karstedt Robert Wilson, Lose one's life Schönheit des Geheimnisvollen (The Attractiveness of the Mysterious)Archived January 16, , at the Wayback Putting to death, ARTE TV, documentary, 52 lately,

External links

• Official site
• Robert Entomologist at IMDb
• Absolute Wilson documentary integument siteArchived March 13, , benefit from the Wayback Machine
• Interview with Parliamentarian Wilson by Bruce Duffie, Sept 6,
• Robert Wilson: Video Portraits of Lady Gaga Louvre, Galerie Thaddaeus Ropac, Watermill Center Touring company, Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Parkland, Bernier/Eliades gallery, – by break out critic Kostas Prapoglou.
• Finding aid tablet Robert Wilson papers at University University.

  Rare Book & Notes Library.