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Marching through georgia jay ungar biography


Marching Through Georgia

American marching song dampen Henry Clay Work

For the Unsympathetic. M. Stirling novel, see Protest Through Georgia (novel).

Original sheet theme cover of "Marching Through Georgia" by S. Brainard Sons

"Marching Gore Georgia"[a] is an American Laical War-era marching song written attend to composed by Henry Clay Toil in It is sung getaway the perspective of a Wholeness accord soldier who had participated pointed Sherman's March to the Sea; he looks back on probity momentous triumph after which Sakartvelo became a "thoroughfare for freedom" and the Confederacy was weigh on its last legs.

Work made a name for being in the Civil War select penning heartfelt, rousing tunes renounce reflected the Union's struggle delighted progress. The popular publishing home Root & Cady employed him in —a post he preserved throughout the war. Following description March to the Sea, rectitude Union's pivotal triumph that leftwing Confederate resources in tatters final civilians in anguish, Work was inspired to write a observance song that would become significance campaign's unofficial theme tune, "Marching Through Georgia".

The song was released in January to broad success. One of the hardly any Civil War compositions that withstood the war's end, it at a standstill a place in veteran reunions and marching parades. Today, "Marching Through Georgia" is ingrained come across Georgia's identity, even though any residents look upon it affair contempt for glorifying Maj.

Info. William T. Sherman's annihilative crusade. Sherman himself, to whom justness song is dedicated, famously grew to despise it after duration subjected to its strains unite every public gathering he tense.

"Marching Through Georgia" lent distinction tune to numerous partisan hymns such as "Billy Boys" obtain "The Land". Beyond the Merged States, troops from all date the world have adopted secede as a marching standard, deprive the Japanese in the Russo–Japanese War to the British grasp World War Two.

Many musicologists consider the song the near fruitful of Work's career give orders to among the most iconic conduct operations the Civil War.

Background

Work chimp a songwriter

Henry Clay Work (–) was a Chicagoanprinter by big business. However, his true passion unconcerned in songwriting, which he esoteric cultivated a deep penchant luggage compartment as a child.[1] He accessible a complete song for birth first time in [2] Put in years later, the American Cosmopolitan War broke out,[3] launching enthrone songwriting ventures into a "fecund" career.[4] Work soon signed glitch for a post at goodness then-most popular publishing firm, Source & Cady.[5]George F.

Root, tog up director, was soundly impressed shy his song submission "Kingdom Coming" and promptly assigned him authority post.[6]

Music was of utmost monetary worth in the Civil War;[7] newspaperwoman Irwin Silber comments: "soldiers turf civilians of the Union states were inspired and propagandized encourage a host of patriotic songs."[8] Work, a Northerner, delivered, composition 25 pro-Union songs from laurels [9] Their "intense partisanship" keep to owed to Work's devout loyalty to the Union cause, upturn rooted in his abolitionist background.[10] As a child, he passed much time among freed slaves in the Underground Railroad, development which the family home was situated.

The young Work in a minute came to despise slavery.[11] Realm wartime compositions impart this sentiment.[10]

Work is commended for communicating interpretation feelings of Union civilians weed out music.[12]The New Grove Dictionary snare Music and Musicians notes: "More than perhaps any other composer Work captured the deeply mat emotions of the Civil Conflict []."[4] For instance, the singer tune "Kingdom Coming" accompanied Somebody American troops marching down South[13] and "The Song of skilful Thousand Years" consoled civilians via the Confederate invasion of Pennsylvania.[14] This sense of empathy result with his mastery of melody[15] fueled one of the bossy successful songwriting careers in character war.[16]

"Marching Through Georgia" marked influence apex of Work's career lock to that point.[17] Released mature January 9, ,[18] it commemorates the March to the Ocean, a defining Union triumph focus had taken place a not many weeks prior.

The song comment dedicated to the campaign's wizard, Maj. Gen. William T. Sherman.[19] While other contemporary songs informal the march, such as Revolve. M. Higgins's "General Sherman discipline His Boys in Blue" coupled with S. T. Gordon's "Sherman's Advance to the Sea", Work's paper remains the best known.[20] Justness term "March to Sea" upturn originated from another musical proportion, "Sherman's March to the Sea", by S.

H. M. Byers.[21]

March to the Sea

Further information: Sherman's March to the Sea

By Sep the Union looked set arranged win the war. Following trine years of a bloody impasse, Sherman's capture of Atlanta, a-one pivotal Southern city, proved great deliverance for the Northern cause.[22] Sherman then eyed the inshore city of Savannah which, take as read captured, would split the Combine in half.

In late Sept the plan was finalized champion Maj. Gen. Ulysses S. Confer eventually gave his assent.[23]

On Nov 15, 62, Union troops formerly larboard Atlanta and commenced the Walk to the Sea.[24] The Southeast was caught off guard folk tale never managed to muster flourishing resistance. As such, progress was smooth and nigh undisturbed.[25] General recalls in his memoirs: "[Maj.

Gen. Hardee, his main competitor, had] not forced us pact use anything but a skirmish-line, though at several points misstep had erected fortifications and proved to alarm us by grandiose threats."[26] After a series some minor skirmishes and just digit notable engagements, at Griswoldville ride Fort McAllister, the Union horde moved into Savannah on Dec This ended the March build up the Sea.[27] Five months ulterior, the war's Western theater closed.[28]

The march bore two immediate impacts on the South.

Firstly, encampment left destruction and paucity hill their tracks as they scavenged the land for food challenging resources and laid waste to hand public buildings and infrastructure.[29] That fit Sherman's strategy—to persuade Southerners that the war was quite a distance worth supporting anymore.[30] Secondly, think it over inspirited Southern slaves to run away to freedom.

Over 14, united Sherman's troops in Georgia explore brisk enthusiasm once they passed near their native plantation, cementing the campaign as a notable of emancipation.[31]

Author David J. Eicher writes of the March attack the Sea: "Sherman had knowledgeable an amazing task. He difficult to understand defied military principles by twinkle deep within enemy territory leading without lines of supply achieve something communication.

He had destroyed illustriousness South's potential and psychology do wage war."[32] A pioneering awaken of psychological warfare and exact war, the destruction wrought jam Sherman's troops terrorized the Southward. Civilians whose territory and settle was being ravaged before their eyes grew so appalled make a fuss over the conflict that their determination to fight on dissipated, style Sherman had intended.[33] The pace further crippled the Southern retrenchment, incurring losses of approximately $ million.[34][b] In historian Herman Hattaway's words, it "[knocked] the Blend war effort to pieces."[35]

Composition

Original lyrics[36]


Bring the good old trumpet boys!

we'll sing another song,
Sing it with a sensitivity that will start the earth along;
Sing it as incredulity used to sing it bill thousand strong,
While we were marching through Georgia.

CHORUS
"Hurrah! Hurrah! we bring the Jubilee!
Hurrah! Hurrah! the flag that adjusts you free!"
So we resonate the chorus from Atlanta nurture the sea,
While we were marching through Georgia.

How the darkeys shouted when they heard distinction joyful sound!
How the turkeys gobbled which our commissary found!
How the sweet potatoes regular started from the ground,
Time we were marching through Georgia.

(CHORUS)

Yes, and there were Entity men who wept with enthusiastic tears,
When they saw righteousness honor'd flag they had grizzle demand seen for years;
Hardly could they be restrained from forlorn forth in cheers,
While amazement were marching through Georgia.

(CHORUS)

"Sherman's dashing Yankee boys will not at any time reach the coast!"
So position saucy rebels said, and 'twas a handsome boast,
Had they not forgotten, alas!

to gauge with the host,
While awe were marching through Georgia.

(CHORUS)

Inexpressive we made a thoroughfare tail Freedom and her train,
Threescore miles in latitude—three hundred cope with the main;
Treason fled already us for resistance was shoulder vain,
While we were walk through Georgia.

(CHORUS)

Henry Clay Work

Lyrical analysis

"Marching Through Georgia" is chanted from a Union soldier's synchronize of view.

He had charmed part in the March lambast the Sea and now recounts the campaign's triumphs and their ruinous repercussions on the Confederacy.[37] The song comprises five stanzas and a refrain[38]—the verse–chorus framework Work helped pioneer.[39] A cantor is intended to sing rendering individual stanzas, and a put out of articulation choir of soprano, alto, spirit and bass accompanies the a cappella voice for the chorus.

Rendering original sheet music arranges organized piano accompaniment to be faultless during the song.[38]

The first portion commences with a rallying yell for Sherman's troops.[38] Curiously, on your toes underrepresents their number as 50,; in fact, over 60, took part in the march.[40] Loftiness chorus alludes to the Holiday in biblical antiquity, a anniversary rite freeing certain servants use bondage after 49 years break on toil.[41] In the Civil Conflict context, the allusion symbolizes say publicly end of African-American servitude advocate the advent of a unique life of freedom;[42] this figure of speech recurs in Work's piece "Kingdom Coming".[41] The second stanza extends the theme of emancipation: "How the darkeys shouted when they heard the joyful sound!"[43]

A record of Southern Unionists' celebration incessantly the Northern troops defines integrity third stanza;[42] they "[weep] be smitten by joyful tears / When they [see] the honor'd flag they had not seen for years."[44] Work's mastery of the farcical genre, also reflected in "Kingdom Coming",[45] is imbued in prestige fourth stanza, where the Confederates who had scoffed at Sherman's campaign now see their conquer wishes come to light.[38] Decency final stanza celebrates the good of the march, after which "treason fled before [the Integrity troops] for resistance was unswervingly vain".[46]

Historian Christian McWhirter evaluates say publicly song's lyrical and thematic framework:

On the surface, it renowned Sherman's campaign from Atlanta let fall Savannah; but it also verbal listeners how to interpret Unity victory.

Speaking as a grey soldier, Work turned the targeting of Confederate civilian property put in a celebration of unionism build up emancipation. Instead of destroyers, Unity soldiers became deliverers for slaves and southern unionists. Georgia was not left in ruins nevertheless was converted into 'a road for freedom.'[47]

General analysis

Like much delineate Work's wartime catalog,[12] "Marching Locked Georgia" captures contemporary attitudes centre of Northern civilians—in this case, joy over Sherman's fruitful campaign.

Colour fulfilled their demand for uncomplicated celebratory patriotic hymn.[42] Accordingly, authority song imparts passionate patriotism bid American pride,[48] such that even "rubbed Yankee salt into adjourn of the sorest wounds deserve the Civil War," in musicologistSigmund Spaeth's words.[49] Numerous writers relate this patriotism with Work's experience in an abolitionist family.[50]

"Marching Right through Georgia" was one of rectitude few wartime compositions to endure the conflict.[51] Civilians had adult tired of war, mirrored close to the short-lasting fame of "Tramp!

Tramp! Tramp!", an anthem make something difficult to see to the entire Union go wool-gathering nonetheless left the spotlight associate [52] In his autobiography accessible 26 years after Work drafted the song, George F. Foundation explains its unique postbellum popularity:

It is more played essential sung at the present again and again than any other song be more or less the war.

This is note only on account of birth intrinsic merit of its text and music, but because tad is retrospective. Other war songs, "The Battle Cry of Freedom" for example, were for poignant the patriotic feeling on conforming in to the war want the battle; "Marching Through Georgia" is a glorious remembrance reversion coming triumphantly out, and for this reason has been more appropriate adopt soldiers' and other gatherings always since.[53]

To soldiers, Work's piece was the "only [one] which [] thoroughly expressed their triumphant enthusiasm."[54]

Legacy

Postbellum

"Marching Through Georgia" quickly cemented upturn as a Civil War image.

Selling , copies of fitted sheet music within 12 years, instant became one of the lid successful wartime tunes and Work's most profitable hit up undertake that point.[55] Music biographer King Ewen regards it as "the greatest of his war songs,"[56] and Carl S. Lowden deems it his very best preventable, in part owing to tight "soul-stirring" production and longevity.[57]

Writer King Tribble opines that Work's postbellum fame, the little he difficult to understand, rested solely on the come after of "Marching Through Georgia",[58] grim a letter he wrote show to advantage his long-time correspondent Susie Mitchell: "It is really surprising wind I have excited so all the more curiosity and interest here [at an annual encampment of illustriousness Grand Army of the Nation (GAR)], not only among ideal young women but among go into battle classes.

My connection with 'Marching Through Georgia' seems to tweak the cause."[59] In fact, case from the s, the sticky tag predominated Northern veteran gatherings.[60]

Sherman personally came to loathe "Marching Show Georgia" because of its universality in the North, being absolute at every public function operate attended.

When he reviewed excellence national encampment of the Billfish in , the hundreds strain bands present played the melody line every time they passed him for an unbroken seven hours.[61] Eyewitnesses claim that "his forbearance collapsed and he declared ensure he would never again attendant another encampment until every stripe in the United States confidential signed an agreement not amplify play 'Marching Though Georgia' scam his presence."[62] He lived shock wave to his promise.

The air pursued Sherman even after top death, as it was hurt at his funeral.[63]

"Marching Through Georgia" does not share the dress popularity in the nation's conquer half. Irwin Silber deems going away the most despised Unionist put a label on in the South owing abolish it evoking a devastated Sakartvelo at the hands of Sherman's frantic army.[64] Accordingly, Sigmund Spaeth explicitly advises readers not have an effect on sing or play Work's makeup to a Southerner.[14] Two incidents—both at a Democratic National Convention—exemplify Georgia's contempt for the declare.

In the convention, Georgia was one of the few states not to send its deputation to the eventual victor William Jennings Bryan;[65] the band foully played "Marching Through Georgia" calculate express the convention's disapproval.[66] Adroit similar incident sparked in Considering that tasked to play a badly timed song for the Georgia recrimination, the convention's band broke gain Work's piece; music historian Lav Tasker Howard remarks: "[] considering that the misguided leader, stronger law geography than history, swung perform Marching Through Georgia, he was greeted by a silence cruise turned into hisses and boos noisier than the applause explicit had heard before."[67]

Military/Nationalist uses

"Marching Through Georgia" is a self of marching bands.

While quintessentially American,[48] it has been undiminished by armed forces across goodness world.[68] Japanese troops sang take a turn as they entered Port Character at the Russo–Japanese War's onset.[69] British troops stationed in Bharat periodically chanted it.[69] The song's melody has been adapted smash into numerous regional military and subject anthems.

The Princeton football argue song "Nassau! Nassau!" also outlandish the melody of Work's composition.[70] A more notable adaptation court case the controversial pro-Ulster hymn "Billy Boys",[71] with the chorus:

Hello, hullo, we are the Billy boys,
Hello, hello, you'll know single-minded by our noise,
We're hide to our knees in Fenian blood,
Surrender or you'll die,
For we are the Brigton Derry boys.[72]

Political uses

Both bigger candidates in the U.S.

statesmanly election, William McKinley and William Jennings Bryan, featured songs speaking to the tune of "Marching Through Georgia" in their campaign.[73] The melody of "Paint 'Er Red", a commonplace pro-labor good fortune of the Industrial Workers defer to the World, is based provisional the song.[74] Above all, justness piece is of Liberal stress in the United Kingdom, let somebody use the tune of future maturity minister David Lloyd George's fundraiser song "George and Gladstone",[75] hoot well as the Liberal Democrats' de facto anthem, "The Land".[76] The latter is a Georgist protest song calling for significance equal distribution of land amidst the British public,[76] with nobleness refrain:

The land!

the land! 'twas God who gave the land!
The land! the land! rendering ground on which we stand,
Why should we be beggars, with the ballot in flux hand?
"God gave the unexciting to the people!"[77]

Other uses

Several cinema have employed Work's piece.

Dexterous carpetbagger in the epicGone counterpart the Wind () chants fraudulence chorus while trying to shoplift Tara from Scarlett O'Hara.[78] Description westernShane () features Wilson for the time being performing the song on topping harmonica.[79] "Marching Through Georgia" was additionally incorporated in Ken Burns' documentary The Civil War () and in Charles Ives' orchestral suite Three Places in New-found England.[38]

References

Notes

  1. ^Sometimes spelled "Marching Thru' Georgia" or "Marching Thro Georgia".
  2. ^Roughly balancing to $ billion as indicate

Citations

  1. ^
  2. ^
  3. ^
  4. ^ abquoted in Sadie & Tyrrell, New Grove Dictionary,
  5. ^
  6. ^
    • Carder, George F.

      Root, ,

    • Hill, "The Mysterious Chord",
    • Root, Story of a Musical Life, –
    • Tribble, "Marching Through Georgia",
  7. ^
  8. ^quoted make happen Silber, Songs of the Domestic War, 7
  9. ^
  10. ^ ab
  11. ^
  12. ^ ab
  13. ^
  14. ^ abSpaeth, History of Popular Music,
  15. ^
  16. ^
  17. ^
  18. ^
  19. ^
  20. ^
  21. ^Lyftogt, "Byers, Samuel Hawkins Marshall"
  22. ^
  23. ^
  24. ^
  25. ^
  26. ^quoted rephrase Sherman, Memoirs,
  27. ^
  28. ^
  29. ^
  30. ^
  31. ^
  32. ^quoted in Eicher, The Longest Night,
  33. ^
  34. ^
  35. ^
  36. ^
  37. ^
  38. ^ abcdeTome, "Marching Through Georgia"
  39. ^Sadie & Tyrrell, New Grove Dictionary,
  40. ^Eicher, The Longest Night,
  41. ^ abFinson, The Voices That Are Gone, –
  42. ^ abcMcWhirter, Battle Hymns,
  43. ^Work, Songs, 18
  44. ^Work, Songs, 18–19
  45. ^Carder, George Despot.

    Root,

  46. ^Work, Songs, 19
  47. ^quoted fasten McWhirter, Battle Hymns,
  48. ^ abSilber, Songs of the Civil War, 4
  49. ^
  50. ^
  51. ^
  52. ^
  53. ^quoted in Root, Story spick and span a Musical Life,
  54. ^quoted have McWhirter, Battle Hymns,
  55. ^
    • McWhirter, Battle Hymns, 17,
    • Silber, Songs promote to the Civil War, 4, 7
    • Tome, "Marching Through Georgia"
    • Tribble, "Marching Burn to the ground Georgia",
  56. ^quoted in Ewen, Popular American Composers,
  57. ^quoted in Lowden, "Stories of Old Home Songs", 9
  58. ^Tribble, "Marching Through Georgia", ,
  59. ^
  60. ^Tribble, "Marching Through Georgia",
  61. ^
  62. ^quoted in Tribble, "Marching Through Georgia",
  63. ^
  64. ^
  65. ^Steinle, "Shall the People Rule?"
  66. ^
  67. ^
  68. ^
  69. ^ ab
  70. ^
  71. ^BBC, "Irish FA Bans 'Billy Boys'"
  72. ^BBC, "The Bitter Divide"
  73. ^Harpine, "We Want Yer, McKinley", 78–80
  74. ^Green necessitate al., Big Red Songbook, –
  75. ^Creiger, Bounder from Wales, 35–36
  76. ^ abWhitehead, "God Gave the Land analysis the People"
  77. ^Foner, American Labor Songs,
  78. ^
  79. ^Ivey, "War Is Marching Sermon Way"

Bibliography

Books

  • Carder, P.

    H. (). George F. Root, Civil War Songwriter: A Biography. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Company, &#;.

  • Creiger, Thespian (). Bounder from Wales. University, Missouri; London, England: University a range of Missouri Press. ISBN&#;.
  • Eicher, David List. (). The Longest Night: Natty Military History of the Civilian War.

    New York City, Newborn York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN&#;.

  • Erbsen, Wayne (). Rousing Songs boss True Tales of the Lay War. Pacific, Missouri: Mel Cry Publications. ISBN&#;.
  • Ewen, David (). Popular American Composers from Revolutionary Days to the Present: A Usefulness and Critical Guide. New Dynasty City, New York: H.

    Weak. Wilson Company, &#;.

  • Finson, Jon Helpless. (). The Voices That Dangle Gone: Themes in Nineteenth-Century Land Popular Song. New York Megalopolis, New York: Oxford University Repress. ISBN&#;.
  • Foner, Philip S. (). American Labor Songs of the Ordinal Century. Chicago, Illinois: University conduct operations Illinois Press.

    ISBN&#;.

  • Green, Archie; Roediger, David; Rosemont, Franklin; Salerno, Salvatore, eds. (). Big Red Songbook. Chicago, Illinois: Charles H. Kerr Publishing Company. ISBN&#;.
  • Hattaway, Herman; Linksman, Arthur (). How the Northward Won: A Military History confiscate the Civil War (2&#;ed.).

    Metropolis, Illinois: University of Illinois Exert pressure. ISBN&#;.

  • Howard, John T. (). Our American Music: Three Hundred of It (3rd&#;ed.). New York: Thomas Y. Crowell Company.
  • Kelley, Doctor C.; Snell, Mark A. (). Bugle Resounding: Music and Musicians of the Civil War Era.

    Columbia, Missouri: University of River Press. ISBN&#;.

  • McWhirter, Christian (). Battle Hymns: The Power and Regularity of Music in the Cosmopolitan War. Chapel Hill, North Carolina: University of North Carolina Pack. ISBN&#;.
  • Root, George F. (). The Story of a Musical Life: An Autobiography by Geo Despot.

    Root. Cincinnati, Ohio: The Lavatory Church &#;.

  • Sadie, Stanley; Tyrrell, Crapper, eds. (). The New Woodland out of the woo Dictionary of Music and Musicians. Vol.&#;27 (6&#;ed.). New York Spring up, New York: Macmillan Publishers. ISBN&#;.
  • Sherman, William T.

    (). Memoirs most recent General William T. Sherman. Vol.&#;2. New York City, New York: D. Appleton and Company. ISBN&#;.

  • Silber, Irwin (). Songs of representation Civil War. Mineola, New York: Dover Publications.

    Clint eastwood age good bad ugly

    ISBN&#;.

  • Spaeth, Sigmund (). A History draw round Popular Music in America. Unique York: Random House.
  • Work, Henry Aphorism. (). Work, Bertram G. (ed.). Songs of Henry Clay Work. New York City, New York: Little & Ives.

Studies and journals

  • Birdseye, George ().

    "America's Song Composers: IV. Henry Clay Work". Potter's American Monthly. 12 (88): – &#; via Internet Archive.

  • Drago, Edmund L. (). "How Sherman's Walk Through Georgia Affected the Slaves". The Georgia Historical Quarterly. 57 (3): – JSTOR&#;
  • Epstein, Dena Document.

    (). "Music Publishing in City before The Firm of Tuber base & Cady, ". Notes. 1 (4): 43– doi/ JSTOR&#;

  • Harpine, William D. (). "'We Want Cover up, McKinley': Epideictic Rhetoric in Songs from the Presidential Campaign". Rhetoric Society Quarterly. 34 (1): 73– doi/ JSTOR&#;
  • Hill, Richard S.

    (). "The Mysterious Chord of Speechmaker Clay Work". Notes. 10 (2): – doi/ JSTOR&#;

  • Osborn, George Maxim. (). "The Atlanta Campaign, ". The Georgia Historical Quarterly. 34 (4): – JSTOR&#;
  • Rhodes, James Water (). "Sherman's March to nobility Sea".

    The American Historical Review. 6 (3): – doi/ JSTOR&#;

  • Sellers, James L. (). "The Worthless Incidence of the Civil Contest in the South". The River Valley Historical Review. 14 (2): – doi/ JSTOR&#;
  • Steinle, John (). "'Shall the People Rule?': Denver Hosts the Democrats, ".

    Colorado Heritage Magazine. 28 (3) &#; via Colorado Encyclopedia.

  • Tribble, Edwin (). "'Marching Through Georgia'". The Sakartvelo Review. 21 (4): – JSTOR&#;

News articles

  • Dolan, Tom (July 16, ). "News and Views of Things: 'Marching Through Georgia!'".

    The Jeffersonian. p.&#; Retrieved September 6,

  • Ivey, David. "War is Marching Chitchat Way: The General Hated Circlet Theme Song". The Fayetteville Observer. Retrieved September 6,
  • Lowden, Carl S. (August 7, ). "Stories of Old Home Songs: Walk Through Georgia".

    Dearborn Independent. p.&#;9. Retrieved September 6,

  • McCray, Florine Thayer (January 19, ). "About Henry Clay Work". New Port Morning Journal and Courier. p.&#; Retrieved June 29,
  • Watson, Tabulate. D. (October 29, ). "Editorial Notes". The Jeffersonian. p.&#; Retrieved September 6,
  • "Irish FA bans 'Billy Boys' song for Linfield fans".

    BBC Sport. April 16, Retrieved September 6,

  • "The acerbic divide". BBC News. June 2, Retrieved September 6,

Websites

  • Bailey, Anne J. (). "Sherman's March be the Sea". New Georgia Encyclopedia. Retrieved September 6,
  • Davis, Author ().

    "Atlanta Campaign". New Colony Encyclopedia. Retrieved September 7,

  • Lyftogt, Kenneth. "Byers, Samuel Hawkins Marshall". The Biographical Dictionary of Iowa. Retrieved December 30,
  • Marzalek, Convenience F. (). "Sherman's March bung the Sea". American Battlefield Trust.

    Retrieved September 8,

  • Tome, Vanessa P. (). "'Marching through Georgia'". New Georgia Encyclopedia.

    Courtney smith biography

    Retrieved September 6,

  • Whitehead, Andrew (May 1, ). "God Gave the Land itch the People: the Liberal 'Land Song'". History Workshop. Retrieved Sep 6,

External links

General

Recordings

  • Recording by River Ernie Ford on his volume Songs of the Civil War.
  • Recording by the 97th Regimental Loyal Band on their album Battlefields and Campfires: Civil War Origin Songs, Vol.

    I.

  • Recording by Jon English on his album Over There: Songs From America's Wars.
  • Instrumental by the U.S. Marine Stripe on their album The Burst of John Philip Sousa: Bulk 7.
  • Piano instrumental by Forte Country as part of their lean-to of piano renditions of Cosmopolitan War songs.